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Exposure to Fluoride in Smelter Workers in a Primary Aluminum Industry in India
AK Susheela,NK Mondal,A Singh
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 2013,
Abstract: Background: Fluoride is used increasingly in a variety of industries in India. Emission of fluoride dust and fumes from the smelters of primary aluminum producing industries is dissipated in the work environment and poses occupational health hazards. Objective: To study the prevalence of health complaints and its association with fluoride level in body fluids of smelter workers in a primary aluminum producing industry. Methods: In an aluminum industry, health status of 462 smelter workers, 60 supervisors working in the smelter unit, 62 non-smelter workers (control group 1) and 30 administration staff (control group 2) were assessed between 2007 and 2009. Their health complaints were recorded and categorized into 4 groups: 1) gastro-intestinal complaints; 2) non-skeletal manifestations; 3) skeletal symptoms; and (4) respiratory problems. Fluoride level in body fluids, nails, and drinking water was tested by an ion selective electrode; hemoglobin level was tested using HemoCue. Results: The total complaints reported by study groups were significantly higher than the control groups. Smelter workers had a significantly (p<0.001) higher urinary and serum fluoride level than non-smelter workers; the nail fluoride content was also higher in smelter workers than non-smelter workers (p<0.001). The smelter workers with higher hemoglobin level had a significantly (p<0.001) lower urinary fluoride concentration and complained less frequently of health problems. Only 1.4% of the smelter workers were consuming water with high fluoride concentrations. A high percentage of participants was using substances with high fluoride contents. Conclusions: Industrial emission of fluoride is not the only important sources of fluoride exposure—consumption of substance with high levels of fluoride is another important route of entry of fluoride into the body. Measurement of hemoglobin provides a reliable indicator for monitoring the health status of employees at risk of fluorosis.
Health care services in India: A few questions on equity  [PDF]
Swadhin Mondal
Health (Health) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.51008
Abstract: This paper analyzes equity in health care utilizetion and out-of-pocket expenditure on health care in India using two rounds (52th round 1995-1996 and 60th round 2004-2005) of National Sample Survey data and data from a household survey carried out in 2007. The findings indicate that the average hospitalization rate has increased and the corresponding value of the concentration index has decreased over the last ten years. However, the health care payment structure is seen to be regressive for inpatient care, and more so for outpatient care. The main reason is the very high out-of-pocket payment on medicine and diagnostic tests even in government hospitals. High out-of-pocket payment has resulted in 34 percent poor households losing all their past savings, 30 percent of households borrowing with interest and 2 percent of households selling their assets. These findings indicate the urgent need for putting in place risk pooling mechanisms.
Modeling energy utilization in broiler breeders, laying hens and broilers
Sakomura, NK;
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola , 2004, DOI: 10.1590/S1516-635X2004000100001
Abstract: the factorial approach has been used to partition the energy requirements into maintenance, growth, and production. the coefficients determined for these purposes can be used to elaborate energy requirement models. these models consider the body weight, weight gain, egg production, and environmental temperature to determine the energy requirements for poultry. predicting daily energy requirement models can help to establish better and more profitable feeding programs for poultry. studies were conducted at unesp-jaboticabal to determine metabolizable energy (me) requirement models for broiler breeders, laying hens, and broilers. these models were evaluated in performance trials and provided good adjustments. therefore, they could be used to establish nutritional programs. this review aims to outline the results found at unesp studies and to show the application of models in nutritional programs for broiler breeders, laying hens, and broilers.
The abundance of some elements in hair from Tanzanian children
NK Mohammed
Tanzania Journal of Science , 2012,
Abstract: Reference values for elements in human hair of people from different countries have been published in literature. However, the data did not include the hair elemental concentrations of the Tanzanian population. Therefore, this study produces the first data available on hair trace element concentration from children in Tanzania. Samples of hair from children living in three regions in Tanzania were analysed for their elemental content using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) at Rez, Czech Republic. The elements were tested for the type of probability distribution; hence frequency histograms for the elements were plotted. Arithmetic and geometric means with their respective standard deviation are presented for 34 elements. Sub groups were formed according to age and sex of the children. Differences in concentrations for the groups were analysed and discussed. The elements were also subjected to a non parametric Spear’s correlation test in order to find their relationship in hair.
Septate gallbladder: Gross and histological perspectives in an uncommon occurrence
Mahato NK
International Journal of Anatomical Variations , 2010,
Abstract: Septate gallbladders are rare variations associated with the extra-hepatic biliary system. Available reports state that variations of gallbladder are either asymptomatic or are found associated with inflammation and stones. The present report is a morphological and histological study of a septate gallbladder. The organ was found to have a transversely oriented septa at about its middle that divided the cavity into an upper and a lower segment with a tiny communication between them. Both the cavities were grossly distended and filled with moderately large stones. The gallbladder presented a fibrous constriction on its exterior corresponding to the margin of the septa. The cystic duct and artery were single and normal. Histology revealed extensive intramural fibrosis and atrophy of smooth muscles. Epithelium demonstrated extreme thinning with loss of folds and glands, with presence of cysts and sinuses beneath. None of the anomalies could be suggested by pre-operative ultrasound imaging except the calculi.
On growth of polynomials
Govil NK
Journal of Inequalities and Applications , 2002,
Abstract: Let be a polynomial of degree , and . If in , then according to a well known result of Ankeny and Rivlin, for . In this paper, we generalize and sharpen this and some other related inequalities by considering polynomials having no zeros in , .
Rapid HIV diagnostics
NK Afridi
International Journal of Infection and Microbiology , 2012, DOI: 10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6937
Abstract: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6937 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):1-2
Approximate Reasoning in Fuzzy Resolution  [PDF]
Banibrata Mondal, Swapan Raha
International Journal of Intelligence Science (IJIS) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ijis.2013.32010
Abstract:

Resolution is an useful tool for mechanical theorem proving in modelling the refutation proof procedure, which is mostly used in constructing a “proof” of a “theorem”. An attempt is made to utilize approximate reasoning methodology in fuzzy resolution. Approximate reasoning is a methodology which can deduce a specific information from general knowledge and specific observation. It is dependent on the form of general knowledge and the corresponding deductive mechanism. In ordinary approximate reasoning, we derive from A→B and by some mechanism. In inverse approximate reasoning, we conclude from A→B and using an altogether different mechanism. An important observation is that similarity is inherent in fuzzy set theory. In approximate reasoning methodology-

Study Chromaticity of Solar Spectrum  [PDF]
Nagendra Nath Mondal
International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (IJAA) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/ijaa.2014.43047
Abstract: The chromaticity of solar spectrum is studied with the help of a Solar Spectrum Monitor system that can detect individual color in the spectrum. Recent observations done by the detector on the Solar Radiation and the Erath Milieu Experiment suggest that the sun’s visible spectral irradiance changes from May 2009 to September 2012. The data of Earth’s coordinates and environment have been taken since April 2005 after the devastating Tsunami (December, 2004) of India. The bizarre data of zenith angle, azimuth angle, and temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere show their changes of maxima and minima epoch to epoch. The data of solar spectrum monitor have been taking since 2009 and significant transformations of colored ratios ΔRB/W and ΔRR/W per hour are observed among the regions of each solstice between 2009 and 2012. The author advocates that the abrupt vagaries of the Earth’s movements may cause devastating tsunamis, earthquake, volcanic eruption, cyclones and tornadoes in addition of anomalous changes of solar spectral irradiation, humidity,
Discovered Solar Positronium  [PDF]
Nagendra Nath Mondal
International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (IJAA) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/ijaa.2014.44057
Abstract: I describe a method for the observation of Positronium (Ps) involvement in the solar radiation spectrum. In this method, Rydberg-Ritz’s principle and Planck’s radiation formula are used to acquire information of the atomic transitions of Ps alike Hydrogen and Helium. In order to perform this experiment, an advanced solar spectrum monitor is constructed by utilizing light emitting diodes (LED) of various colors. A detailed study on this method provides qualitative agreement with experimental data, giving insight to the physical process involved in the solar radiation spectrum and confirming the existence of solar Ps.
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